Prevalence of the kidney stone and its associated factors among the adult population in Arbegona Woreda, Sidama region, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Kidney stones are a prevalent public health problem globally, and their prevalence is increasing each year. Different factors contribute to the occurrence of kidney stones. However, limited studies have been conducted among the adult population in Ethiopia, particularly in Arbegona Woreda, Sidama Region. This study aims to assess the prevalence of kidney stones and their associated factors among the adult population in Arbegona Woreda, Sidama Region, Ethiopia.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 483 households across seven kebeles were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and participants were screened for kidney stones using ultrasound and urine dipstick analysis. The data were cleaned, categorized, and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Variables with p-values <0.25 in bivariate analysis and those identified as significant in existing literature were included in the final multivariable model. Model fitness was assessed using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test, and multicollinearity was checked using the variance inflation factor. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (COR and AOR) were reported with 95% confidence intervals. Associations were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 in the final multivariable logistic regression model.

Results: The overall prevalence of kidney stones among the adult population was 34.4% (95% CI: 30.2–38.7). After adjusting for potential confounders, the following variables were significantly associated with kidney stones: hypertension (AOR = 6.6; 95% CI: 2.4–17.8), diabetes mellitus (AOR = 9.6; 95% CI: 1.0–87.7), family history of kidney stones (AOR = 13.7; 95% CI: 8.5–24.3), history of previous kidney problems (AOR = 8.8; 95% CI: 3.9–19.6), and daily consumption of Kocho (AOR = 4.8; 95% CI: 1.5–15.6).

Conclusion: The prevalence of kidney stones was high in the study community. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, daily consumption of Kocho (a traditional fermented food made from enset), family history of kidney stones, and previous kidney problems were significantly associated with the presence of kidney stones.