THE PERILS AND PROMISES of GULF STATES' ENGAGEMENT IN THE HORN OF AFRICA

Abstract

The Horn of Africa has long been a region of strategic importance, situated at the intersection of global trade routes and geopolitical interests. The Gulf States have emerged as critical regional players in recent years, deepening their political, economic, and security engagement. This research explores the drivers and consequences of the Gulf States' increasing influence in the Horn of Africa. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, the study integrates primary and secondary data sources to investigate the rationales behind the Gulf States' involvement and the impact on inter-state relations in the Horn of Africa. The findings indicate that the region's proximity to the Red Sea, Nile basin, and oil-producing Gulf States has rendered it geopolitically crucial despite its political and economic fragility. The United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar are actively expanding their spheres of influence in the Horn of Africa, mainly by developing commercial ports and military bases along the Red Sea coast. This unprecedented rise in cross-Red Sea cooperation challenges traditional paradigms and erodes established boundaries, introducing new regional rivalries and the potential for increased instability. The study concludes that the Gulf States' growing presence in the Horn of Africa presents both promises and perils for the region. While the engagement has brought economic opportunities, it has also heightened the complexity of regional dynamics, requiring the Horn of Africa countries to navigate these delicate geopolitical waters with care.