THE CAUSES OF INTER ETHNIC CONFLICT BETWEEN AFAR AND SOMALI COMMUNITIES THE CASE OF AMIBARA, GEWANE AND MILLE WOREDAS, ZONE THREE AFAR REGION

Abstract

Inter-ethnic conflict between the Afar and Somali communities in the Amibara, Gewane, and Mille Woredas of the Afar Regional State has been ongoing. This study examines the root causes, considering historical, political, and socio-economic factors. Using qualitative methods, we gathered data from primary and secondary sources, with thematic analysis employed to identify key patterns. Findings reveal that relations between the Afar and Somali communities were generally peaceful before 1991, despite occasional confrontations over grazing rights and cattle raiding. However, the introduction of ethnic federalism in 1991 led to increased competition and conflict. Key drivers of violence include competition over natural resources such as pasture, water, and land, politicization of ethnicity, territorial disputes, and the spread of small arms and light weapons. The study emphasizes the need for inclusive, culturally tolerant national dialogue to achieve lasting peace between the two communities.