Assessment of Serum Creatinine, Uric Acid, and Blood Urea Nitrogen Levels among Untreated Cervical Cancer Patients Attending Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is a major public health issue associated with metabolic and biochemical alterations that may influence disease progression and the clinical management of patients. Serum biomarkers such as creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) can reflect changes in renal function and cellular metabolism in individuals affected by cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the Cr, UA, and BUN levels among untreated CC patients.

Methods: A case–control study was conducted involving 32 untreated CC patients and 32 controls without a history of cancer, matched for key demographic characteristics such as age. Potential confounding variables were considered during both participant selection and statistical analysis. Independent-samples t-test was used to compare mean values of continuous variables between the two groups. Correlations between variables were assessed using Pearson’s correlation for continuous variables and Spearman’s rank correlation for ordinal variables. A p-value of < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant in all analyses.

Results: Comparative analysis between the untreated CC cases and controls revealed significantly higher levels of Cr, UA, and BUN in the case group (P < 0.01). In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between Cr, UA, and BUN levels and disease stage (P < 0.01), indicating a progressive increase in these biochemical markers with advancing disease.  

Conclusions: Elevated levels of Cr, UA, and BUN were observed in patients with untreated CC, and these biomarkers were significantly associated with advancing disease stage. These findings suggest that routine assessment of renal function and metabolic markers may be clinically valuable in monitoring and management of untreated CC patients.