Socio-economic Determinants of Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change and Variability in Sidama Region, Ethiopia
Keywords:
Adaptation, Climate change, Multivariate probit modelAbstract
The fact that climate has been changing in the past and continues to change in the future implies the need to understand how farmers perceive climate change and adapt to guide strategies for adaptation. This study aimed to identify determinant factors that influence farmers’ choice of adaptation in response to climate change. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select the study area purposely and systematic sampling to select 149 households. Primary and secondary data collection methods were used. descriptive statistics and multivariate probit model were used to analyze quantitative data. To detect the trend of climate change and variability, Mann-Kendall’s trend test was used as a tool. The result shows that annual and ‘belg’ rainfall show a statistically significant decline trend (p<0.05) whereas both minimum and maximum temperature indicate significantly increasing trend (p<0.001). Multivariate probit model shows that the major climate change adaptation strategies in the study area include soil and water conservation, planting trees, use of improved crops and livestock varieties and use of crop diversification were 77.8%, 70.4%, 61.03% and 50.3%, respectively. The joint probability of using all adaptation strategies was 42.2% and the joint probability of failure to adopt all the adaptation strategies was less than 1%. Multivariate probit model revealed that the household head age, family size, educational level, farm income, off/non-farm income, tropical livestock unit, access to extension and access to climate information were among the significant determinants of choice of climate change adaptation strategies. Government policies should be initiated to improve household income, literacy status, access to extension services, credit, and information, that would enhance and diversify farmers’ knowledge of climate change to improve their adaptation strategies.
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