Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-infection and Associated Factors among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus at Burayu and Holeta Districts, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are the double burden diseases of the world. The African continent takes a great share of TB-HIV cases worldwide. This retrospective study was conducted to assess the prevalence of TB-HIV co-infection and associated factors in Burayu and Holeta health centers. A ten years retrospective study was conducted by reviewing files of HIV/AIDS patients attending HIV clinics in the two health centers (2008-2017). Data were coded, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among 2937 people living with HIV/AIDS, 13.3% (95% CI: 12.07-14.53) were TB-HIV co-infected, the majority were males and in the age group of 15-45years. CD4+ cell count <200cells/mm3 (χ2 = 58.22 P<0.001), WHO clinical stage III and IV (χ2 = 119.3; P<0.001), antiretroviral drug adherence (χ2 = 92.31; P< 0.001) nutritional status (χ2 = 89.4; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with HIV-TB co-infection. The prevalence of TB among HIV patients at two health centers was moderately high. Therefore, TB screening among HIV-positive patients is mandatory. In addition, community mobilization on early case detection and health education on TB-HIV co-infection should be encouraged.