Magnitude and associated risk factors of benign prostatic hyperplasia among patients admitted to the surgical department of urology ward in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland as a result of increased number of stromal and epithelial cells. The absolute burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia is rising at an alarming rate in most of the world, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Studies have identified some modifiable risk variables, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, physical exercise, and inflammation that present new prospects for treatment and prevention. However, the number of studies undertaken in Ethiopian context is limited. Thus, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and to identify risk factors among patients admitted to the surgical department of urology ward in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama Ethiopia.

Method: This was a retrospective study including 271 male patients admitted to surgical department of the urology ward at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama, Ethiopia from December 2019 to December 2020.  The data were collected from the patients’ records. Extracted information from the patients’ records were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using the statistical package IBM SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) at P value <0.05 were considered as statistical significant.

Results: The magnitude of benign prostatic hyperplasia among patients admitted to the surgical department of urology ward was about 48% (131 out of 271). A one-year increase in age increased the odds of benign prostatic hyperplasia by 2% (AOR= 1.02, 95% CI: 1.004, 1.05). Patients who had family history of benign prostatic hyperplasia had 8 times more odds to have BPH (AOR=7.6, 95% CI: 3.2, 18.2). In addition, patients who had history of diabetes had 2.2 times more odds of BPH (AOR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.3).

Conclusion: The identified risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia were increase in age, diabetes mellitus, and family history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Thus, prevention and management of diabetes mellitus could reduce the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Moreover, we recommend further studies on reduction strategies of benign prostatic hyperplasia among older age group and who had family history of benign prostatic hyperplasia.